Estimating the number of Black descendants of slavery in Nova Scotia today is challenging due to limited specific data and the complexity of tracing lineage. However, we can piece together an informed estimate based on available information about Black Nova Scotians and their historical roots.
As of the 2021 Canadian Census, 28,220 Black people lived in Nova Scotia, with the majority in Halifax. Many are descendants of groups tied to slavery, including:
Black Loyalists (1783): About 3,500 arrived in Nova Scotia after the American Revolutionary War, having gained freedom for supporting the British.
Black Refugees (1813–1816): Roughly 2,000 escaped slaves from the War of 1812 settled in Nova Scotia, primarily from the Chesapeake Bay area.
Earlier enslaved Africans (1600s–1700s): Smaller numbers were brought by French and British settlers, including 216 African-descended slaves at Louisbourg (1713–1760) and hundreds with New England Planters in the 1760s.
Jamaican Maroons (1796): Around 600 freed Africans were deported to Nova Scotia, some of whom stayed.
Underground Railroad migrants (pre-Civil War): An estimated 10,000–30,000 African Americans fled to Canada, with many settling in Ontario but some in Nova Scotia.
Not all Black Nova Scotians are descendants of enslaved people, as some have Caribbean or other African ancestry from later migrations. However, the Black Loyalists and Black Refugees, who form a significant portion of the African Nova Scotian community, were directly tied to escaping slavery. The 52 historic Black communities in Nova Scotia, such as Africville, Preston, and Birchtown, were largely founded by these groups.
Assuming a conservative estimate where 60–80% of the 28,220 Black Nova Scotians descend from these slavery-related migrations (accounting for intermarriage and other ancestries), the number of Black descendants of slavery could range from 17,000 to 22,600. This is a rough estimate, as no precise genealogical data isolates this group. Migration to Toronto since the 1950s may also reduce the local population.